major types of computer frauds

They attempt to break into network systems purely to alert the owners of flaws. If multiple accounts of a mail server are targeted, it may have a denial-of-service impact. Internet piracy is an integral part of our lives which knowingly or unknowingly we all contribute to. This isn’t an exhaustive list by any means, but will give you a comprehensive idea of the loopholes in “Trojan horses” are different from viruses in their manner of propagation. The 10 Major Types of Identity Theft. It’s not just about using someone else’s intellectual property illegally but also passing it on to your friends further reducing the revenue they deserve. This way, the profits of the resource developers are being cut down. Internet stalking is not limited to email; stalkers can more comprehensively use the internet to harass the victims. ... Once they gain access to your computer they may be able to obtain your passwords and personal information by monitoring your activities and online purchases. “Worms” unlike viruses don’t need a host to cling on to. Several different types of computer viruses are common these days meant to harm the computer and destroy critical data. Viruses that follow this modus operandi include “cluster” or “FAT” (File Allocation Table) viruses, which redirect system pointers to infected files, associate viruses and viruses that modify the Windows Registry directory entries so that their own code is executed before any other legitimate program. The graphics and the web addresses used in the email are strikingly similar to the legitimate ones, but they lead you to phony sites. Piracy is rampant in India, but you knew that. Other Forms of Fraud As previously mentioned, the number of types of fraud is almost endless. Internet Fraud. Here the stalker harasses the victim via the internet. Pedophiles lurk in chat rooms to lure children. Pyramid schemes (buying a package about h… Using this technique, the attacker may modify the expected output and is difficult to track. The pirated software may contain Trojans, viruses, worms and other malware, since pirates will often infect software with malicious code. Phishing is typically carried out by email spoofing. A “salami slicing attack” or “salami fraud” is a technique by which cyber-criminals steal money or resources a bit at a time so that there’s no noticeable difference in overall size. Computer fraud can be classified into many types depending upon the fraud committed but the major categorisations of fraud are mentioned below. Internet stalking is not limited to email; stalkers can more comprehensively use the internet to harass the victims. You’ll read more about safety tips in the last chapter of this book. A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack is an explicit attempt by attackers to deny service to intended users of that service. The user can also unknowingly install a Trojan-infected program via drive-by downloads when visiting a website, playing online games or using internet-driven applications. Since every country has a different legal stand on this subject matter, pornography is rampant online. Software cracking and using unauthorised keys are illegal acts of copyright infringement. Child pornography is a serious offence, and can attract the harshest punishments provided for by law. Careful examination of our assets, transactions and every other dealing including sharing of confidential information with others might help reduce the chances of an attack by this method. The imposter may also use your identity to commit other crimes. Unsolicited email is the most common way of threatening someone, and the stalker may even send obscene content and viruses by email. Did you receive a message saying “Your email account will be closed if you don’t reply to this email”? With only this information, someone can make purchases online or by phone. Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson, the creators of the UNIX operating system (Linux’s predecessor), were two of them. Malicious software such as viruses and worms often contain logic bombs which are triggered at a specific payload or at a predefined time. A computer virus has the tendency to spread from one computer to another by means of network file system, USB or flash drives, Internet, and even from CDs. You’ve probably received email containing links to legitimate appearing websites. Common Types of Fraud. Online shopping scams include buyers not getting what they paid for or receiving an item that’s different from the one advertised. It can also be used to retrieve information such as credit card numbers or passwords from unprotected sites. However, viruses and unsolicited telemarketing email alone do not constitute cyber stalking. The salami technique can also be applied to gather little bits of information over a period of time to deduce an overall picture of an organisation. Also, clicking on such links will lead to a virus attack on your computer. A large amount of spam is sent to invalid email addresses. For example, the infamous “Friday the 13th” virus which attacked the host systems only on specific dates; it “exploded” (duplicated itself) every Friday that happened to be the thirteenth of a month, thus causing system slowdowns. Identity theft is another type of computer crime. However, viruses and unsolicited telemarketing email alone do not constitute cyber stalking. Not all phishing is done via email or web sites. The purpose of this attack is to try to harvest the credentials, usernames, passwords and account numbers of users by using a fake web page with a valid link which opens when the user is redirected to it after opening the legitimate site. Program codes that are scheduled to execute at a particular time are known as “time-bombs”. People reported losing $1.48 billion (with a ‘b’) to fraud last year – an increase of 38% over 2017. In addition, the anonymous and non-confrontational nature of internet communications further tosses away any disincentives in the way of cyber stalking. This widespread illegal activity has made everyone conscious of their privacy and security while using their computers. This information can include usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, social security numbers, etc. Any other cyber-crime that we’ve already read about, if done with an intention to threaten, harass, or slander the victim may amount to cyber stalking. Healthcare Fraud. Several different types of computer viruses are common these days meant to harm the computer and destroy critical data. He then logs into the web site via the remote computer and modifies the web pages as he or she pleases. Spammers collect email addresses from customer lists, newsgroups, chat-rooms, web sites and viruses which harvest users’ address books, and sell them to other spammers as well. The thief searches the victim’s system for FTP login details, and then relays them to his own remote computer. Identity theft is another type of computer crime. Credit Card Fraud. Traditional Crime Types Some of the traditional crimes now taking place on computers include fraud, theft, harassment, and child pornography. As the internet is increasingly becoming an integral part of our personal and professional lives, stalkers can take advantage of the ease of communications and the availability of personal information only a few mouse clicks away. Well, the malicious code or virus is inserted into the chain of command so that when the infected program is run, the viral code is also executed (or in some cases, runs instead of the legitimate program). Some hackers may get a hold of your credit card number by employing phishing techniques. This command checks the data you’ve entered against the relevant table in the database. And these disseminate to every other computer on your network. Investment Fraud. And, grooming new leaders for this promising industry. Credit card fraud is identity theft in its simplest form. Some websites sell software with a “digital fingerprint” that helps in tracing back the pirated copies to the source. user’s account. This is quite possible by tricking the user into believing that he is giving such information to a certain company he trusts and knows; however, the user’s information is then used by someone to benefit from it like obtaining products for himself by using the user’s credit card. “Credit card fraud” is a wide ranging term for crimes involving identity theft where the criminal uses your credit card to fund his transactions. However, what you can do is identify the source of the spam mails and have your router configured to block any incoming packets from that address. You probably found it suspicious and didn’t click the link. Notice the one in place of ‘L’. However, according to the Indian Constitution, largely, pornography falls under the category of obscenity and is punishable by law. a. SQL Injections: An SQL injection is a technique that allows hackers to play upon the security vulnerabilities of the software that runs a web site. Viruses are computer programs that attach themselves to or infect a system or files, and have a tendency to circulate to other computers on a network. Sometimes, the environment is manipulated so that calling a legitimate uninfected program calls the viral program. Phishing is the process of collecting your personal information through e-mails or websites claiming to be legitimate. Hackers (the people doing the ‘hacking’) are basically computer programmers, who have an advanced understanding of computers and commonly misuse this knowledge for devious reasons. In other words, the original information to be entered is changed, either by a person typing in the data, a virus that’s programmed to change the data, the programmer of the database or application, or anyone else involved in the process of creating, recording, encoding, examining, checking, converting or transmitting data. However, in some countries the merchant may even ask you for an ID or a PIN. Identify theft is a specific form of fraud in which cybercriminals steal personal data, including passwords, data about the bank account, credit cards, debit cards, social security, and other sensitive information. This causes the resource (e.g. Unlike usual phishing methods, when you hover your cursor over the link provided, the URL presented will be the original one, and not the attacker’s site. Here are Computer Weekly’s top 10 cyber crime stories of 2019. Credit Card Fraud. These unscrupulous people can collect your personal details from your mailbox or trash can (remember to shred all sensitive documents). Logic bombs are usually employed by disgruntled employees working in the IT sector. There are literally a dozen ways in which a cybercrime can be perpretrated, and you need to know what they are, In order to protect yourself you need to know about the different ways in which your computer can be compromised and your privacy infringed. 1. Cybercrime and fraud are the two most commonly talked about topics on almost every digital forum. Here, the hacker takes control of a web site fraudulently. Here are the 9 types of fraud you need to watch out for: Mail Fraud. Nearly half of entrepreneurs experience fraud at some point in their business's life. Identity theft occurs when someone steals your identity and pretends to be you to access resources such as credit cards, bank accounts and other benefits in your name. Logic bombs may also be employed by unsatisfied greedy employees who exploit their know-how of the network and/or privileged access to the system. A computer virus has the tendency to spread from one computer to another by means of network file system, USB or flash drives, Internet, and even from CDs. Cyber stalkers thrive on inexperienced web users who are not well aware of netiquette and the rules of internet safety. All computer viruses cause direct or indirect economic damages. With rising cases of credit card fraud, many financial institutions have stepped in with software solutions to monitor your credit and guard your identity. Through identity theft, criminals can steal money. A simple diagram to show how malware can propogate. There are many different types of internet crimes and frauds, and all of these attack in a slightly different way. Email bombing is commonly carried out using botnets (private internet connected computers whose security has been compromised by malware and under the attacker’s control) as a DDoS attack. Here are the 9 types of fraud you need to watch out for: Mail Fraud. Computer fraud is a cybercrime and the act of using a computer to take or alter electronic data, or to gain unlawful use of a computer or system. Bogus health insurance claims, business insurance claims, and fraudulent bankruptcies are all ways individuals commit this type of fraud. FTP password hacking takes advantage of the fact that many webmasters store their website login information on their poorly protected PCs. He may change the content of the original site or even redirect the user to another fake similar looking page controlled by him. The more technologically advanced stalkers apply their computer skills to assist them with the crime. 1. Social networking technology provides a social and collaborative platform for internet users to interact, express their thoughts and share almost everything about their lives. It’s an invasion of one’s online privacy. b. How does this happen? Website misdirection (fake websites) 7. This can virtually infect every executable file on the computer, even though none of those files’ code was actually tampered with. But if email is sent repeatedly in an attempt to intimidate the recipient, they may be considered as stalking. By altering or failing to enter the information, they’re able to steal from the enterprise. An SQL injection is usually an additional command that when inserted into the web form, tries to change the content of the database to reflect a successful login. Healthcare Fraud. This type of attack is more difficult to control due to multiple source addresses and the bots which are programmed to send different messages to defeat spam filters. hacking: shutting down or misusing websites or computer networks; spreading hate and inciting terrorism; distributing child pornography; grooming: making sexual advances to minors. It can be used to attack any type of unprotected or improperly protected SQL database. The fake website will ask you to provide your sensitive information like card details, UPI code and other bank details. Many traditional crimes, such as fraud, theft, organized crime rings, For instance, he may pretend like someone else such as a refugee or a citizen of a certain country like Nigeria who wants to be freed from the dangers of his country for the purpose of making the computer user feel some sympathy for him. New techniques and types of cyber frauds are being introduced every day, and no one is spared from their threats. You may have heard of “disgruntled employee syndrome” wherein angry employees who’ve been fired use logic bombs to delete the databases of their employers, stultify the network for a while or even do insider trading. Types of Computer Fraud & Crime. o Internet auction/Bid sales fraud o Retail sales o Investment schemes o Identity theft o Phising Building a leading media company out of India. Phishing– Phishing is one of the types of computer frauds which targets the account of the computer user. The owner of the web site has no more control and the attacker may use the web site for his own selfish interests. The types of computer frauds include identity theft, phishing, identity fraud, sales fraud on the Internet, computer data tampering or computer software manipulation. Plus you won’t get the software support that is provided by the developers. Learn the warning signs and prevention tips for 41 different types of fraud, including data theft, asset misappropriation, payroll fraud & more. A more serious concern is the use of your personal information with the help of stolen or fake documents to open accounts (or even worse, using your existing account) to take a loan in your name. Most victims of this crime are women who are stalked by men and children who are stalked by adult predators and pedophiles. Smart move. Computer Stalking: The more technologically advanced stalkers apply their computer skills to assist them with the crime. This is done by carefully transferring the funds into the perpetrator’s account. Even though there are only two major types of fraud, there are many different subtypes. The methods utilized to commit fraud vary frequently depending on the availability of the technology. Email spamming worsens when the recipient replies to the email causing all the original addressees to receive the reply. Based on this, there are two categories of viruses: 1) Those that only disseminate and don’t cause intentional damage. 8 Common Types of Online Fraud or Internet Scams. So in most cases, they’re an insider job. They’re usually technology buffs who have expert-level skills in one particular software program or language. Cyber stalking is a new form of internet crime in our society when a person is pursued or followed online. According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), more than 1.1 million Americans are victimized by identity theft. This then prompts the computer user to go and click on certain links, provide his credit card or bank information, some of his personal information relevant to the account and then furnish such information to ascertain he is the real holder of the account. The following constitute software piracy: Using single-licensed software on multiple computers, Using a key generator to circumvent copy protection, Distributing a licensed or unlicensed (“cracked”) version of software over the internet and offline. A site may temporarily malfunction or crash completely, in any case resulting in inability of the system to communicate adequately. Types of fraud. Computer misuse covers computer viruses and any unauthorised access to computer material, as set out in the Computer Misuse Act 1990. Identity Theft – This is one of the types of computer frauds which the computer user’s information like address, date of birth, credit card or bank numbers, name or Social Security number are used by someone through the use of false pretenses. A logic bomb, also known as “slag code”, is a malicious piece of code which is intentionally inserted into software to execute a malicious task when triggered by a specific event. accessibility of computer resources. They may claim to be from a bank asking you to dial a number (provided by VoIP service and owned by attacker) and enter your account details. consumer and retail frauds. Bank Account Takeover Fraud. Other Forms of Fraud As previously mentioned, the number of types of fraud is almost endless. The top reports in 2018 were: … The message is meaningless and excessively long in order to consume network resources. Data Diddling is unauthorised altering of data before or during entry into a computer system, and then changing it back after processing is done. In general, there are three major types of occupational fraud—corruption, asset misappropriation, and fraudulent statements—but an examination of each of the three types is beyond the scope of this material. The first step towards preventing hackers from gaining access to your systems is to learn how hacking is done. Denial-Of-Service impact is sent repeatedly in an email message can be easily detected by spam.... This act of distributed information gathering may be considered obscene in India committed technology. Which has often been subject to censorship on grounds of obscenity and is difficult to track the of! Considered so in most cases, they ’ re an insider job that allows hackers to steal yoiur money apply! 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