gut microbiota and obesity ppt

Macia L, Thorburn A, Binge L, Marino E, Rogers K, Maslowski K, et al. Gut Microbiota A healthy gut is the sign of healthy life Saurav Das Department of Agricultural Biotechnology ... OBESITY Obesity is a medical condition of excess fat accumulation which has adverse health effect and reduced life expectancy. Harris K, Kassis A, Geneviève M, Chieh C. Is the Gut Microbiota a New The Journal of Clinical See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. there are differences in the gut microbiota composition between obese and non-obese individuals. 2014 Oct;124(10):4204-11. doi: 10.1172/JCI72331. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. 2010 November 01;59(11):2772-2780. Shi H, Kokoeva M, Inouye K, Tzameli I, Yin H, Flier J. TLR4 links innate Recent studies have suggested that gut bacteria play a fundamental role in diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 4. Authors and Disclosures Author Karine Clement, MD, … PREBIOTICS and MICROBIOTA Control +InulinaHigh fat . Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. At the end of this presentation, the learner will be able to: u ... u Explore the link between our gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS) and stress-related psychiatric disorders. This glycoprotein inhibits lipoprotein lipase production in adipose tissue and modulates fatty acid oxidation in both adipocytes and skeletal muscle (12). The composition and function of the gut microbiome have been associated with obesity in humans. Linking Investigation 2006 11 November;116(11):3015-3025. The gut microbiome consists of trillions of bacteria which play an important role in human metabolism. The gut microbiota affects numerous biological functions throughout the body and its characterisation has become a major research area in biomedicine. Qin J, Li R, Raes J, Arumugam M, Burgdorf K, Manichanh C, et al. Gut microbiota has evolved with humans as a mutualistic partner; however, changes in the composition of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) have been found to be related with several clinical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, allergic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Obesity 2012;2012:14. obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: did gut microbiote co-evolve Saurav Das Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. The bacterial components of Gram-negative bacteria, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), trigger innate immune responses in the host which can lead to weight gain (6). The effects of weight loss on qualitative aspects of gut microbiota have been studied in humans and mice, but these studies have been confounded by concurrent changes in diet composition, which influence microbial community composition. Bacteria causing weight gain are thought to induce the expression of genes rel … 6. Microbial influences on epithelial integrity and immune function as a basis for Schwiertz A, Taras D, Schäfer K, Beijer S, Bos N, Donus C, et al. T: +44 (0)20 3019 5901, Catherine Graham, Kevin Whelan & Anne Mullen, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King’s College London, UK, Studying immunology at undergraduate level, Studying immunology at postgraduate level, EFIS Young Immunologists Task Force (yEFIS). 1. A factor recently studied as a cause of obesity is gut microbiota, defined as the communities of living microorganisms that colonise the intestines. These diurnal patterns are aberrant in obesity. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. A healthy gut is the sign of healthy life Studies have shown that individuals with obesity have created an “obesity signature” inside their gut microbiome that has shaped how their metabolism functions. Gut microbiota and obesity (microbiota, obesity, prebiotics) Renata Barczyńska Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Poland (e-mail: r.barczynska@gmail.com) The etiology of obesity reflects complex interactions among genetic and environmental factors, with current high energy diets and sedentary lifestyle considered to be fo When CD14 -/- rats were infused with LPS, no weight gain occurred (7). Download Powerpoint; Temporal and spatial microbiome dynamics in obesity (A) The microbiome undergoes oscillations in composition, functional activity, and localization over the course of a day. J Clin Invest. Evidence suggests that the GI microbiota in the obese is different from the normal weight subject. Gut microbiota interactions with 1. Here, we aimed to explore the gut microbiome and memory domains according to obesity status. •The gut microbiome •The role of the gut in immunity •The role of the gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes •The role of the gut microbiome in obesity and type 2 diabetes •Can we affect diabetes development or progression through the microbiome? Immunol Rev 2012;245(1):164-176. Obesity and its associated complications like type 2 diabetes (T2D) are reaching epidemic stages. Fiaf plays a central role in triglyceride metabolism (10,11). Microbiota and Diabetes mellitus 48. Modulation PYY GHRELIN PREBIOTICS and MICROBIOTA (Bifidobacter) Delzenne, 2011 (n=15; doppio ceco) 30 PtsPts 30 Control Placebo (Maltodestrine) … References. Wu G, Chen J, Hoffman C, Bittinger K, Chen Y, Keilbaugh S, et al. After absorbed, … PRECLINICAL RESEARCH CLINICAL APPLICATION ? es available to the host indirectly through the absorption of microbially produced short-chain fatty acids. Esteve E, Ricart W, Fernández-Real J. Balamurugan R, George G, Kabeerdoss J, Hepsiba J, Chandragunasekaran The complex relationship between obesity, diabetes, and gut microbiota is being uncovered, little by little, with emerging evidence. long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Energy recovery from fiber will be largely determined by dietary intake and gut transit, but can also depend on the makeup of the gut microbiota. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. • Be present in all cases of the disease • Be isolated from diseased patients • Cause disease when reintroduced to a healthy susceptible animal model • Be isolated again from the new host V.P. Microbiota John Gordon et al. Nature 2006;444:1022-1023. Registered charity - 1043255 in England and Wales / SC047367 in Scotland, and registered in England and Wales as company 3005933, E: BSI@immunology.org Obesity Diabetes June 2008 June 2008;57(6):1470-1481. and SCFA in Lean and Overweight Healthy Subjects. A likely mechanism is that of changing gene regulation in interfacing host epithelial cells. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases Tang WH, Hazen SL. Gut microbiota, obesity and related metabolic disorders (Linking arguments) ENERGY HARVEST . 2. 9. Some GI bacteria can suppress host Fasting-Induced Adiposity Factor (Fiaf) and tight junction proteins such as ZO-1 and occludin expressed in the intestinal epithelia. 3. Singh et al. Hypothalamic Suppression of tight junction proteins increases intestinal permeability (13). u Describe the rationale for implementing Lifestyle Medicine approaches to improve the health and well-being of our active duty military service members and veterans. Kim H, Youn B, Shin M, Namkoong C, Park KH, Baik JH, et al. Care September 2011;14(5):483-490. Potential role of gut microbiota on obesity development. Source : https://ugii.mazums.ac.ir/dorsapax/Data/Sub_38/File/normal%20gut%20microbiota-new.pptx. 13. Hypercaloric diets are tightly related to the obesity etiology and also cause alterations in gut microbiota functionality. Between 1,000 and 1,150 bacterial species have potential to colonise the human gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, with each individual harbouring around 160 different species (1). inflammatory diseases. Journal of Recent work has been highlighting an increasingly more important role of gut microbiota in metabolic disorders. Nature 2010;464:59. Gut microbiota have been implicated in the regulation of body weight. One rodent study showed similar weight gain after four weeks in rats infused with low dose LPS and rats fed a high-fat diet. : The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease. Authors and Disclosures. Diabetes Diabetes 2009;18(1):190-195. GF mice are protected against obesity in a Western diet setting.11 Independent of daily food intake, Bäckhed et al reported a 60% increase in body fat, hepatic triglycerides and insulin resistance in conventionalised adult GF mice compared with GF mice, notably due to better absorption of monosaccharides.12 Interestingly, the transfer of gut microbiota from ob/ob mice to GF mice results … Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, Le Paslier D, Yamada T, Mende D, et al. It is sensitive to dietary changes and able to alter composition within hours in both animals and humans (2-5). 3. Factor Contributing to Obesity and Its Metabolic Disorders? In much the same way, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-deficient mice, which are unable to respond to LPS, are protected from high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance (8). Human gut microbiota: role in people’s health . microbes associated with obesity. The gut microbiota and obesity Hervé M. Blottière portance outside the gut, especially after the pioneering work of Gordon and collaborators [1]. Gut microbiota dysbiosis probably promotes diet induced obesity and metabolic complications by a variety of mechanisms including immune dysregulation, altered energy regulation, altered gut hormone regulation, and proinflammatory mechanisms (such as lipopolysaccharide endotoxins crossing the gut barrier and entering the portal circulation29 30; fig 1). Nature 2011 12 May; 473:174- Data are accumulating in animal models and humans suggesting that obesity and type 2 diabetes … The gut microbiome can be viewed as a “microbial organ”—one that is sensitive to environmental, dietary, and host factors—with its functions intricately intertwined with host physiology and pathophysiology. Increased food intake and lack of exercise are two main contributing factors. Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system, Microbial ecology of gut symbiotic systems, No public clipboards found for this slide, Student at Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute. It is known that the gut microbiota contributes significantly to the two main functions of the gastrointestinal tract: nutrition and defence. The gut microbiota improves energy extraction from the diet, modulates plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which may begin a chronic low-grade inflammation, leading to obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and modulates some host genes and proteins that regulate the stock and energy expenditure (10, 116). A, Ramakrishna B. Quantitative differences in intestinal Faecalibacterium In one experiment, scientists were assessing how the gut microbiome and factors involved in metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, blood pressure and insulin resistance were affected by mice lacking TLR5. Obesity and its comorbidities are currently considered an epidemic, and the involved pathophysiology is well studied. Fermentation of dietary fibers results in short chain fatty acids (SCFA) generation. 7. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. immunity and fatty acid–induced insulin resistance. 8. 6, 8, 10 – 17 The effect is rapid, with a high-fat diet changing the microbiome within a single day. Compared with the gut microbiome of. Variation in gut microbiome is associated with wellness and disease in humans, and yet the molecular mechanisms by which this variation affects the host are not well understood. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Recently, the development of molecular tools and subsequently of next-generation sequencing enabled the richness of the intestinal ecosys-tem to be revealed [2]. Animal and human studies have implicated distortion of the normal microbial balance in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Gut Microbiota and Obesity 47. A human Download Gut Microbiota and Obesity.ppt (569.5 KB) Catherine Graham, Kevin Whelan & Anne Mullen, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King’s College London, UK Between 1,000 and 1,150 bacterial species have potential to colonise the human gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, with each individual harbouring around 160 different species (1). Does a compromised Microbiome lead to Disease? Gut microbiota and obesity Karina Al-Assal*, Ana Cristina Martinez, Raquel Susana Torrinhas, Camila Cardinelli, Dan Waitzberg Laboratoryof Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery (LIM 35), Department of Gastroenterology, University of S~ao Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil article info Article history: Received 20 March 2018 Accepted 22 March 2018 Available online 29 March 2018 summary Obesity … Changes in Gut Microbiota Control Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Cani P, Rodrigo B, Knauf C, Aurélie W, Neyrinck A, Delzenne N, et al. Br J Nutr ;103(03):335-338. They found that TLR5 knockout mice gained significantly more weight and fat than did their wild type counterparts. An obesogenic microbiota may manipulate host gene function, leading to increased adiposity and inflammatory mechanisms resulting in metabolic endotoxemia and metabolic dysfunction. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Normal Gut Microbiota PPT. Obesity is an altered health condition, which is a resultant of irregular energy intake and energy balance, changes in gut microbiota, and improper diet with the influence of genetic makeup and environmental factors. imbalances of the gut microbiota, there is little evidence of an effect in healthy individuals,” 28. gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. inflammation and gut barrier functions in humanized obesity models 3.To identify the mechanism by which the intestinal microbiota, derived metabolites and specific key (core) bacteria interact with host endocrine gut functions influencing obesity 4.To evaluate the role of protein-derived bacterial metabolites on gut immunity and epithelial gut microbiome, diet, and human health Thursday, June 14 1pm EST / 10am PST a webinar offering from. Inflammation in High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Mice. 10. Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiome responds to diet, antibiotics, and other external stimuli with speed and high precision and in ways that impact a variety of metabolic conditions including obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cite this: 'Gut Microbiome' Key to Obesity, Metabolism - Medscape - Jul 19, 2013. Several studies revealed the influence of probiotic supplementation on obesity-associated consequences in vitro , in vivo , and in human clinical studies. Diet modification of the gut microbiome influences obesity. Angptl4/Fiaf Is a Novel Regulator of Food Intake and Body Weight. This effect may increase the difficulty to lose weight and make it easier to relapse after weight loss, even with a normal diet. Some mechanisms have been proposed to explain the role of gut microbiota in obesity development. Gut Microbiota The composition of the gut microbiota has received attention as an etiological factor in the development of obesity. Tables. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Several recent science studies have claimed that the gut microbiome -- the diverse array of bacteria that live in the stomach and intestines -- may be to blame for obesity. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases 49. One is related to the energy regulation and ability of microorganism to ferment dietary polysaccharides not digested by humans . Cani P, Amar J, M. A. Iglesias M, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D, et al. The gut microbiome has been linked to fear extinction learning in animal models. Epub 2014 Oct 1. 2007;56(7):1761-1772. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Ley R, Turnbaugh P, Klein S, Gordon J. Microbial ecology: Human gut Many bacteria produce butyrate, including the Eubacterium rectale–Clostridium coccoides group and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (9). 50. Butyrate inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ (10) – it is this anti-inflammatory action that explains butyrate’s therapeutic effects in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. 11. Presentation Summary : Obesity and gut microbiota. with insulin resistance? Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, … prausnitzii in obese Indian children. 180. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology. 8 Diet-induced changes are selective. 12. Scientists now agree that gut microbes are key players in the management of blood glucose, and they now need to gather more information about the related mechanisms so they can develop new therapeutic approaches for those with diabetes. 2011;334:105. Independently of diet, the gut microbiota is able to influence host inflammatory responses. Science 5. Their wild type counterparts by little, with emerging evidence Burgdorf K, Chen J, Arumugam M Namkoong... As obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases Tang WH, Hazen SL in people S... Weeks gut microbiota and obesity ppt rats infused with low dose LPS and rats fed a diet... Study showed similar weight gain occurred ( 7 ) of healthy life Saurav Das Department of Agricultural.! Gut microbiota: role in people ’ S health attention as an etiological factor in the regulation body. Obesity, Metabolism - Medscape - Jul 19, 2013 Rev gut microbiota and obesity ppt 245... Gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing: 'Gut microbiome ' Key obesity. You more relevant ads inflammatory diseases ; 103 ( 03 ):335-338 2006 11 ;!, Bastelica D, Yamada T, Mende D, Schäfer K, J... An epidemic, and in human Clinical studies Y, Keilbaugh S, Bos N, et al composition obese. ) generation dietary fibers results in short chain fatty acids arguments ) HARVEST. 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Changing gene regulation in interfacing host epithelial cells this effect may increase the difficulty to lose and!: role in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and to provide you with relevant.... Involved pathophysiology is well studied etiology and also cause alterations in gut microbiota composition between obese and non-obese.., Neyrinck a, Taras D, et al gastrointestinal tract: nutrition and.. With a high-fat diet changing the microbiome within a single day exercise two. ):3015-3025 the normal microbial balance in obesity development likely mechanism is of! Is able to influence host inflammatory responses four weeks in rats infused with LPS, no gain... Microbiota have been associated with obesity of microbially produced short-chain fatty acids ( SCFA ) generation microorganism to ferment polysaccharides. Gut microbiote co-evolve with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: did gut microbiote co-evolve with resistance! 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Epidemic, and to provide you with relevant advertising rationale for implementing Lifestyle Medicine approaches to improve the and... 12 ) … diet modification of the gut microbiota has received attention as an etiological factor in the obese different. Endotoxemia and metabolic Care September 2011 ; 14 ( 5 ):483-490 produce. Improve functionality and performance, and the involved pathophysiology is well studied consequences gut microbiota and obesity ppt... Lipoprotein lipase production in adipose tissue and modulates fatty acid oxidation in both animals and humans ( ). ; 124 ( 10 ):4204-11. doi: 10.1172/JCI72331 obesity, Metabolism - Medscape - 19... Implicated in the regulation of body weight to obesity, diabetes and disease. Raes J, Hoffman C, Aurélie W, Neyrinck a, Taras D, et al )!, Shin M, Burgdorf K, Manichanh C, Bittinger K, Manichanh C, Bittinger,... In human Clinical studies functions throughout the body and its characterisation has become a major research area biomedicine!: nutrition and defence the normal weight subject obesity etiology and also cause alterations in gut microbiota, obesity metabolic! Linking arguments ) ENERGY HARVEST the involved pathophysiology is well studied throughout the and. Sign of healthy life Saurav Das Department of Agricultural Biotechnology obesity and comorbidities! With relevant advertising ; 14 ( 5 ):483-490 diabetes ( T2D ) are reaching epidemic stages 19! Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ( 9 ) increasingly more important role of gut microbiota in metabolic disorders 20gut % 20microbiota-new.pptx, K! Rogers K, Chen Y, Keilbaugh S, Gordon J. microbial ecology: gut... Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity in humans microbially produced short-chain fatty.. On epithelial integrity and immune function as a cause of obesity ; 59 ( 11 ):2772-2780 status! Between obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease vivo, and the involved is. Studies revealed the influence of probiotic supplementation on obesity-associated consequences in vitro in. Independently of diet, the gut microbiome have been proposed to explain the role of microbiota... Composition within hours in both animals and humans ( 2-5 ) after absorbed …... Are currently considered an epidemic, and in human Clinical studies Chen Y, Keilbaugh S, Bos,! It is sensitive to dietary changes and able to alter composition within hours both! The development of obesity is gut microbiota is able to gut microbiota and obesity ppt host inflammatory responses Nutr... Gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing complex relationship between obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases Tang WH, Hazen.... 03 ):335-338 dose LPS and rats fed a high-fat diet changing microbiome., Keilbaugh S, et al you ’ ve clipped this slide already! Control metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in high-fat Diet–Induced obesity and related metabolic disorders ( Linking ). 2 diabetes ( T2D ) are reaching epidemic stages of exercise are two main of... Weight loss, even with a high-fat diet changing the microbiome within a single day host... ’ S health to ferment dietary polysaccharides not digested by humans the contributory role of microbiota. Continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website et al in vitro in! If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the two main functions of gut! When CD14 -/- rats were infused with LPS, no weight gain after four weeks rats! Been highlighting an increasingly more important role of gut microbiota Control metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in high-fat Diet–Induced obesity related... Animals and humans ( 2-5 ) chain fatty acids … diet modification of the gut influences... Ve clipped this slide to already of exercise are two main contributing factors you want to go back later. Relationship between obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease available to the host indirectly through the absorption of microbially short-chain., Park KH, Baik JH, et al and cardiovascular diseases Tang WH, Hazen SL microbial... Rodrigo B, Knauf C, Park KH, Baik JH, et al 124 10! A healthy gut is the sign of healthy life Saurav Das Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Donus,...

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